North African Jewry in the Twentieth CenturyBefore widescale emigration in the early 1960s, North Africa's Jewish communities were among the largest in the world. Without Jewish emigrants from North Africa, Israel's dynamic growth would simply not have occured. North African Jews, also called Maghribi, strengthed the new Israeli state through their settlements, often becoming the victims of Arab Israeli conflicts and terrorist attacks. Their contribution and struggles are, in many ways, akin to